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Union of India Citation v Banani Chattopadhyay - (2022) 1 HCC (Cal) 351 Court – High Court of Calcutta.

Facts of the Case – The petitioner, Banani Chattopadhyay, was a Deputy Manager at Hindustan Cables Ltd. (HCL). She opted for voluntary retirement on 31.01.2017 following a decision to close down the company. After retirement, she was engaged on a temporary basis as a consultant and later as an advisor. She was released from her temporary engagement on 30.04.2018. on 09.05.2018, she lodged a complaint of sexual harassment against Respondent 9 (allegedly the head of HCL), claiming the incidents began in the last quarter of 2016. An Internal Complaints Committee was constituted to investigate her complaint. The ICC submitted its report on 19.06.2018, concluding that the allegations were not proved. The petitioner filed a write petition challenging the ICC’s report and constitution. Legal Issues:- 1. Whether the Internal Complaints Committee had jurisdiction to inquire into the complaint, or if it should have been referred to the Local Committee. 2. Whether the Internal Complaints Committ...
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Protecting Employees: Addressing Client or Customer Harassment in the Workplace

Client or customer harassment poses a significant challenge for employees in various industries, particularly those in client-facing roles. In this article, we delve into a hypothetical case study involving client harassment and discuss the necessary steps for organizations to protect their employees and uphold a safe work environment. Case Study : Client or Customer Harassment Scenario:  Maria, representative, a finds dedicated herself sales in an uncomfortable situation as she faces persistent sexual comments and advances from a client during business meetings. Despite her professionalism and attempts to redirect the conversation to business matters, the client's behavior continues, leaving Maria feeling vulnerable and distressed. Response: Addressing client or customer harassment requires a proactive and supportive response from organizations. Here's how companies can effectively address and mitigate such situations: 1. Establish Policies and Procedures: To protect employ...
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Sexual Harassment at Workplace Act, 2013 - Proposed Modifications to the Posh

The Bill introduced in the Rajya Sabha, published in the Gazette of India on December 08, 2023. Following are  proposed Amendments to POSH Act roles ,  1.Nullification of Local Complaints Committee (LC) replaced by Employment Tribunal. "Local Committee" replaced with "Employment Tribunal" throughout POSH Act. Employment Tribunal empowered to treat sexual harassment cases as legal trials for increased efficiency and conviction rates. 2. Constitution of Employment Tribunal Chairperson: Retired female judge of District Court. Members include retired female judge, social activist, woman from the district, sociologists, and female advocates. 3. Prolonged Timeframe for Complaints Section 9 modified for aggrieved women to file complaints within a reasonable timeframe. Employment Tribunal can extend the time limit with written justification based on circumstances. 4.  Rectifying Terminology Inconsistencies Substitution of "recommend to" with "direct" in ...
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Understanding the POSH Act 2013 and the POCSO Act: Safeguarding Rights and Dignity

The POSH Act (Prevention of Sexual Harassment at Workplace Act, 2013) and the POCSO Act (Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012) are two landmark legislations in India that aim to protect individuals from sexual misconduct and abuse. While both laws address different contexts and demographics, they are united in their mission to uphold dignity, safety, and justice. The POSH Act, 2013 The POSH Act was enacted in response to the increasing awareness of sexual harassment in workplaces. The law is based on the Supreme Court’s guidelines laid down in the famous Vishaka judgment of 1997. Its primary objective is to provide a safe and secure working environment for women. Key Features of the POSH Act The act defines sexual harassment as unwelcome physical, verbal, or non-verbal conduct of a sexual nature. It applies to all workplaces, including private organizations, public sector units, NGOs, and even domestic workers. Organizations with 10 or more employees are required to c...
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Filing a Complaint under the POSH Act: Procedure and Timelines

The Prevention of Sexual Harassment ( POSH ) Act, 2013, was enacted to create a safe workplace environment and ensure that incidents of sexual harassment are addressed promptly and effectively. A key aspect of the Act is the process by which employees can file a complaint if they experience sexual harassment at work. This article delves into the complaint filing procedure under the POSH Act, including the essential timelines, extensions, and rights of the complainant. 1. Who Can File a Complaint under the POSH Act? The POSH Act allows any aggrieved woman to file a complaint if she has faced sexual harassment in the workplace. The complainant can be: • A woman employed in any capacity (temporary, permanent, part-time, or full-time). • An employee in an organization (including interns and contractual staff). • A woman visiting the workplace or a client of the organization. Additionally, if the complainant is unable to file a complaint due to physical or mental incapacity or for oth...
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POSH Act: Roles, Structure, and Responsibilities.

The Prevention of Sexual Harassment ( POSH ) Act, 2013, was enacted to address workplace sexual harassment in India and mandates every organization to establish an Internal Complaints Committee (ICC). The ICC plays a pivotal role in ensuring a safe and harassment-free work environment. Its primary responsibility is to investigate complaints of sexual harassment, ensure a fair inquiry, and recommend appropriate action. In this article, we will explore the structure, composition, and responsibilities of the ICC, along with the legal requirements governing its formation and operation. 1. Legal Mandate for the ICC under the POSH Act Under the POSH Act, every employer is legally required to establish an Internal Complaints Committee (ICC) in the workplace to handle complaints of sexual harassment. This obligation applies to any organization with 10 or more employees. The ICC must be constituted at every branch or office location where the employee headcount meets this threshold. Failure to ...
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Constitution of the Internal Complaints Committee (ICC) under the POSH Act: Roles, Structure, and Responsibilities.

The Prevention of Sexual Harassment ( POSH ) Act, 2013, was enacted to address workplace sexual harassment in India and mandates every organization to establish an Internal Complaints Committee (ICC). The ICC plays a pivotal role in ensuring a safe and harassment-free work environment. Its primary responsibility is to investigate complaints of sexual harassment, ensure a fair inquiry, and recommend appropriate action. In this article, we will explore the structure, composition, and responsibilities of the ICC, along with the legal requirements governing its formation and operation. 1. Legal Mandate for the ICC under the POSH Act Under the POSH Act, every employer is legally required to establish an Internal Complaints Committee (ICC) in the workplace to handle complaints of sexual harassment. This obligation applies to any organization with 10 or more employees. The ICC must be constituted at every branch or office location where the employee headcount meets this threshold. Failure to ...
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